Liquid-fuel burner



"Feb. 17, 1931. K-NUPFFER 1,793,326

LIQUID FUEL BURNER Filed Aug. 7, 1950 s Sheets-Sheet. 1

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LIQ'UID FUEL BURNER Filed Aug. 7,1950 3 Sheets-Sheet. 2

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LIQUID FUEL BURNER Filed Aug. 7, 19:50 s Sheets-Shut s Fig. 4.

Wham/HM Patented Feb; l7, 1931 UNITED STATES if,

Mansion KivurrrER, orroivnolv, ruqLANn erated.

A mourn-rum. Br anna hppl ication filed August 7, 1930,Seriai nogivac sg and in 'Great Br'itain May 1 6.1929.

ments in and-relating to liquideand gaseous fuel burners, and is particularly applicable to burners burning the less volatiledistilled oils such as Diesel and domestic oils, although residue oils can be burned smokelessly if rather repeated cleaning of'the burner is tol- Thepresent invention provides a burner in which the fuelis substantially completely consumed with the production-of an incandescent fiame, and carbonization is prevented or minimized.

To this end aburner according to the present 111V6nt1011 comprises in combination a 'combustion'chainber having ahigh. hot, wall, adouble bottom. serving to conductpreheated primary air, and a vaporizing-i chamber or groove located within the double bottom, the

saidrdoublebottom and the said vaporizing V chamber or groove being in efficient heat conducting relationship with the high hot wall means for supplying the fuel to such vaporizing chamber or groove, means for directing the heated air into or over such chamber or groove, a spreader or the like to conduct and direct the hot gases or flames towards the high hot wall and means for introducing a secondary air supply centrally into the combustion zone. The secondary or additional supply of air maybe cold air. 1

Conveniently and advantageously I the oil vaporizing chamber maybe in the form of an open-topped groove, but an annular chamber In an exemplary form of the present inven tion the oil vaporizing chamber or groove is arranged at the inner ends of ribs or webs which extend outwards to connectthe outer wall of the oil chamber tothe bottom of the combustion chamber and to bridge this and the base of the burner to form the pro-heating primary air, conducting passages. In a cir cular typeof burnerthesepassa'ges maybe s0 arranged as to impart a known whirling. movement. to the air. The passages for the" secondary colder air may be soarranged as to impart a -contrary motion thereto. 2;

-In orderthat the present invention. may be the more readily understood, reference ais- V hereinafter made to theconstructional ex amplesthereunder which are illustrated in. the accompanying drawings,.in which "Fig. 1 is a sect-ionalelevation of, a circular type of burner embodying the'present invention and .a s fadapted to, work by natural draught-I the spreader 16 and the refractory the combustion chamber removed.

Fig. 3 is a sectionalelevation of a modifica-' tion of-t he device shown-in Fig.1; 1 Fig. 4 isa sectional view. of means for preventing. or minimizing air draughtfiuctua' tions-j 7 1-5 Figs. 5 andufi' are half'plan and vertical secs tiona'l views ofa modified typeofburner adapted toburn either gasor oil, the spreader and the refractory liner being..-omitted from Figure 5. V

Fig. 7 shows how the burner may be lowered and swung clear of the boiler',:furnace or like for cleaning, inspection, etc., purposes and:

Fig. 8 is a detail v'iew of Fig. 7. r V Y Referring-to Figs. 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings; acircular type of burner ,under the present-invention .is illustrated which consists of a metallic cylindrical potilike casing -1, having a. double bottom 2, 3' bridged by an arcuateseriesjof inclined ribs orwe'bs4 which with openings 5 in the casing 1 I form primary air conducting passages leading over the vaporizing groove or chamher to the combustion chamber 6. I

The base proper 3 of the casing 1is provided with an open-topped circular groove 7 surrounding a central opening 8. The inner wall 9,016 thegroove .7 rises convenientlyin frusto conical form above theouter. wall 10 which may be oppositelysloped. Over the inner wall 9 is fitted a corresponding shaped cap 11 having a foot flange 12 and radial ribs 13. The cap 11 is connected to a perforated shallower conical plate 14 to which a shouldered support 15 for a mushroom-like flame spreader of refractory material 16 is fixed by. passing it through a hole in the plate 14 and screwing it into a cross member 17. This cross member bridges the opening 8. The shouldered support is locked to the plate 14 by tightening the lock nut 18.

' The centrally situate'dperforated plate 14' I ported in the furnace, boiler or like, and'below this and adj acent to the primary air inlets 5,

a subsidiary or starting heater is arranged, which in the example illustrated is a gas ring 20 having its jets 21 opposite to and directed towards the openings 5.

' Liquid fuel'is delivered under appropriate control to the groove 7 by the pipe 22.

all)

3 23' designates arefractory lining ofthe combustion chamber bottom 2 and the inside of the rising wallthereof. f 1 I It is an essential feature of this apparatus that there should be'eflicient heat conduction from the walls to the double bottom and the vaporizing" groove or chamber, thereby to ensure effective heating of the air and vaporization ofthe fuel- In order to increase the supply of heat available for this purpose I prefer towcarry the walls a substantial distance above the edge of the spreader as shown .in Fig. 1.

. The desiredtemperature of the oil groove will 'of course'vary according to the particular oil used, and this'temperature can be raised or lowered in designing the burner by varying the height of the wallsorthe number or/ and thickness of the webs or ribs 4, or by liftingt'or lowering the mushroom like spreader'16, p

The temperature of the burning gases in the combustion chamber can be controlled by varying the area of the secondary air inlet.

For startingthe burner, it is important to heatthe burner. sufiiciently to vaporize the oil as soon as this is admitted. This preheating can be variously. effected.

, As soon asthe heavy oil begins to burn, it is econmical to cut off the subsidiary heater and this can be appropriately arranged to be done by manual or automatic means as found most convenlent.

A burner according to the present invention'can be adjusted to work at. a very small draught e. g. 0.1 watergauge,

- As the burner is usually working on natural draught it becomes important to adjust the draught in the first instance to the right amount by an ordinary damper. The prevent. an excessive draught or fluctuations thereof, an automatic damper regulator as shown in Fig. 4 may be installed in the flue. The weight 37 keeps the flap plate 38 closed as long as the'draughtdoes'not exceed a predetermined pressure say 0.1 w. g; This can be varied by adjusting the screw 39. If the draught increases, additional air is admitted to the flue through the opening 40 by the flap 38 being lifted, and in this Way willm aintain a constant draught on 'the'burner.

Asshown in Fig. 3 the mushroom 16 may be hollow with'ajtubular stand 17 through which additional or secondary air is blown. In the top'part of the mushroom holes 41 are rilled in such away as to rotate the gases in an upwardly direction, thereby inducing more air through the burner. Or more air may be supplied by induced draught in the ue. The burner is provided with propersafeguards for its Working, but thesefforming no part of "the present invention are. not-described herein.

burners under this invention may be'em-' bodied as combustionapparatus ;of all kinds of furnaces, kilns,boilers, etc. A burner is illustrated in Figures Sand 6 suited for burning either gas or oil, and also adapted when used for burning oil to be preheated by gas, without resorting to a separate gas ring. t t

This burner is similar to that previously described with reference to Figs. 1 and 2, except that the burner head 47 provided with a circular series of jets 48 to'which. gas is deliverd by the pipe 49 by way of the annular chamber 50 on'the one hand, and oil delivered by Way of the same annular chamber by the oil pipe 51 on the other.

The burner head is given. a conical formation down which the heavier constituents of the oil may flow over the bottom plate 3 where they are completely vaporized. iiny' deposits of asphalt Will tend to collect atthe base of the conical surface where they will lie in the stream of the primary air and be eventually burnt away as the temperature within the burner increases;

The central portion 52 of the burner head is surrounded with an air-space 52a to retard the transfer of heat from the bottom plate of the burner. l

The burnerhead comprises a removable ring 53 to facilitate cleaning of the chainber 50 and jets 48.

Inthis construction of burner the aim is to get the oil intoctbe burner cold as to obviate carbonization in the inserted part and particularly in thejets, while atthe same time the bottom plateof the burner shouldrbe,

made so hotas toaevaporate not only the heavy constituents of the oil but also the asphalt content thereof.

' Figs. 7 and 8'show how burners under the present invention maybe adapted to be lowered and swung clear of the boiler 54 or the like. For this purpose the burner support 55 is provided with a radial extension 56 having a tubular end 57 to rotatably fit over If desired a perforated mantle of appropriate material may be mounted over the urner as shown in Fig. 7

What I claim is -1. Liquid fuel burner comprising in combination a combustion chamber having a I high wall adapted to become hot when the burner is operated, a double bottom extendthe said double bottom and the said vaporizing chamber being in eflicient heat conducting connection with the high wall so thatthe vaporization of the fuel is aided by the heat conducted from the'said wall, means for sup plying the fuel to such vaporizing chamber,

means for directing the heated air to the fuel vaporized in said chamber. a spreader to conduct and direct the burninggases towards the high wall, and means for introducing a secondary air supply centrally into the combustion zone.

2. Liquid fuel burner comprising in combination a combustion chamber having a high wall adapted to become hot when the burner is operated, a double bottom extending from said wall and through which double bottom primary air is passed and heated in its passage therethrough, a vaporizing chamber located within the double bottom, the said double bottom and the said vaporizing chamber being in eflicient heat conducting connection with the highwall so that the vaporization of the fuel is aided by the heat conducted from the said wall, means for supplying the fuel to such vaporizing chamber, means for directing the heated air'to the fuel vaporized in said chamber, a hollow spreader to conduct and direct the burning gases towards the high wall, and means for introducing a secondary air supply "into said hollow spreader.

ing from said wall and through which double bottom primary air-is passed and heated i in its passage 'therethrough, a vaporizing" chamber located within the double bottom, 1

5 {Liquid "fuel burner comprising in com-V binationfa combustion chamber having/a high walladapted toibeconreihot when the burner: operatedg-a double bottom extend-f ing from saidiwall and through which don-i .ble bottom primary air is passed and-heated in its passage therethrough, a vaporizing chamber located within the doublelbottom, the said: double bottom and the said vvapor ing connection'with the high wall so'that the vaporization of the fuel is aided by the heat conducted from the said wall, means for sup-- plying thefuel'to such vaporizing chamber,v

ribs bridging said double bottom for direct-v ing the heated air vto the fuel vaporized in I said chamber,aspreader to conduct and direct the burning gases towards the high wall, and m'eans for introducing a secondary air supply centrally into the combustion zone. I

4; Liquid fuel burner comprising incom bination a combustion chamber having a high wall adapted .to become hot when the burner is operated, :a double bottom extend? ing from said'wall and through which douizing'chamberfbeinginefficient heat conductble bottom primary air is passed and heated.-

in its passage therethrough,"a vaporizing chamber located-within the double bottom,'j r the inner wall of said vaporizing chamber being frusto conical, a removable cap fitting.

thereover,'the said double bottom and the saidgvaporizing chamber beinginefiicient.

heat conduct-ing connection withfthe: high wall so that the. vaporization of the fuel is aided by the heat conducted from the said" wall, meansfor. supplying the fuel; to such vaporizingchamber, means for:directing the heated air'to the fuel vaporized in said chamber, a-"spreader carried. by said-removable. cap, said spreader conducting and directing the burning gases towards the high, wall, and means for introducing a secondary air. supply centrally into the combustion zone;

5. Liquid and gaseous fuel burner com- 7 prising in combination a combustion chaine ber havinga highwall adapted to become hot when the burner is operated, a. double bottom extending from said wall and through: which double bottom primary air is passed and heated in its passage therethrough, a

vaporizing .chamber located within the double'bottom, the said double bottom and the said vaporizingchamber being in. suificient heat conducting connection with the high wall so that the vaporization of the fuel is aided by the heat conducted from the said wall,.a, jet fitting isolated from the base of V the burner proper for-supplying the fuel to suchivaporizi'ng chamber, means for directing the heated; air to the fuel vaporized in saidichamber, a spreader to conduct. and direct the burninggases towards the high wall, and means for introducing a secondary airsupply'centrally into the combustion 6. Liquid 'fuelburne'rcomprising in 'e mbinationa'combustion chamber having a high wall adapted to become shot when theburner is operated, a;doub1e bottom extending :from.

5 said wall: and through; which double c-bottom' primary air is passed and heated in its passage therethrough, avaporizing chamber loe cated: Within the double bottom, the said double bottom and the said vaporizing chamber being in efficient heat conducting connection with the high wall so, that the vaporization of the fuel is aided by the heat conducted from the'said hot Wall, means for supplying the fuel to such vaporizing chain ber, means for directing the heated air to the fuel vaporized in said chamber, a spreader to conduct and direct the burning gases to- Wards thehigh wall, a starting heater, and means for introducing a secondary air suppl centrally into the combustion zone. 7

7. Liquid fuel burner comprising in combination a combustion chamber having a highwall adapted to becomehot when the burner is operated, a-double bottom extend- 5 ing-from said wall and'through which double bottom primary air is passed and heated in its passage the'rethrough, a vaporizing chamber located within the double bottom, the said double bottom and the said vaporizingjchamber being infefiicient heat conducting con nection with therrhig'h wall so that the vaporization of the fuel is aided-by the heat conducted from the said'wall, means for supplying the fuel to such vaporizing chamber,

means for directing the heated air to the fuel I vaporized in said chamber, a spreader to conduct and direct the burning gases towards the high wall, means for introducing a secondary air supply centrally into the combus- 4 tion zone, and means for adjusting the position of the burner. a

8. Liquid fuel burner comprising in combination a combustion chamber having a high wall adapted to become hot when the 4 burner is operated, a double bottom extending from said wall and through which double bottom" primaryair is passed and heated in its passage therethrough, a vaporizing chamber located within the double bottom, the said 5 double bottom and the said vaporizing chamber being in efficient heat conducting connection with the hot wall so that the vaporization of the fuel is aided by-the heat con- Y ducted from the said Wall, means for supplying the fuel to such vaporizing chamber, 7 means for directing the heated air to the fuel vaporized in said chamber, a spreader to conduct and direct the burning gases towards the high wall, means for introducing a 00 secondary air supply centrally into the combustion zone, a flue in communication with the combustion chamber, and draught regulating means in the flue.

In testimony Whereof, I affix my signature.

6-5 MAURICE KNUPFFER. V 

